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A
plaque placed at
the side door of
the George W. Bourne House in Kennebunk, Maine
by the
Maine Society, Daughters of American Colonists, tells us that "In
1825 the shipbuilder George Washington Bourne (1801-1856) brought
his bride, Jane, to this new brick Federal-style home. Inspired
by Milan's Gothic Cathedral, Bourne started the house decorations
in 1852, using only hand tools. He completed the work shortly before
his death. By century's close, the name "Wedding Cake House"
was widely applied. The house was completely refurbished in 1983-1984
by Mary and Anne Burnett, first owners not of the family."
A
practical tale of home improvement vies with a romantic legend for
the truth about the Wedding Cake House, not unlike the way in which
the original house struggles under its burden of Gothic frosting.
The home-improvement story has shipbuilder George W. Bourne constructing
a brick house for his bride in 1826. As an example of late Federal
architecture, it had five bays, a hipped roof with a balustrade
and paired chimneys, and a Palladian window above the front door
fanlight. The simple, rectangular structure was first painted white,
then yellow.
Then
in 1852, the barn, connected to the house by a shed, burned and
fire fighters tore down the shed in order to save the house. Bourne,
who was now retired with time on his hands, built a new barn and
shed. He had been to Europe and had greatly admired the Cathedral
of Milan. The Federal-style house was soon connected to a Gothic-style
barn by a shed embellished with five extremely tall, remarkably
Gothic looking pinnacles.
Bourne
must have realized that something had to be done to stylistically
marry the shed and barn to the house. So, he added some unifying
Gothic ornamentation: four buttresses with pinnacles support the
four comers of the house; two buttresses with pinnacles define the
central bay; the front door is framed by a pierced arch with a finial;
subsidiary one-story buttresses hold up a cusped and crocketed,
trefoil-pierced, ogee arch above the Palladian window; this is topped
by a "poppyhead." Two sets of carved cornices support
small crenelated battlements. Below the cornices hang Tudor-arched
spandrels with quatrefoil- and circle-patterned fretwork. Bourne
designed and carved all of this himself, aided only by a ship carpenter's
apprentice, Thomas Durrell. In the end, it must have seemed just
right to him.
The
romantic legend arose some fifty years later when an enterprising
Kennebunk businessman published a postcard of the house and entitled
it "Wedding Cake House." It came to be said that the carving
had been done during long lonely hours aboard ship by a recently
married sea captain who had had to leave his bride before he even
had time to eat his wedding cake. The legend's romance, while inspired
by the desire to make money, provides a "sensible" explanation
for the likes of such an eccentric architectural artifact. However,
the home-improvement scheme of George Bourne, with
its aspirations, displaced energy, persistence, toil, and reward
is the stuff of legend, too.
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